Ethereum to Integrate ZkEVM At Layer 1 in Major Shift to Zero-Knowledge Proofs

Ethereum will add zkEVM to Layer 1 within a year allowing faster and more secure block verification using zk proofs.

New zk proof rules set strict limits on proof size power use and hardware cost to support real time validation goals.

Ethereum's upgrade may change the role of Layer 2 roll ups and push smaller ZK teams to follow new technical standards.

Ethereum is preparing to integrate a zero-knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machine (zkEVM) into its Layer 1 blockchain within a year. The plan will change how validators verify blocks, shifting from re-executing transactions to checking cryptographic zero-knowledge proofs. This method could increase security and reduce energy use. The change will begin with optional zk clients before becoming a network standard.

The Ethereum Foundation outlined this upgrade in a roadmap shared by one of its protocol engineers. The roadmap presents a transition to a system where validators use multiple independent zk-proofs to confirm transaction accuracy. This eliminates the need for re-execution, which currently slows the process and requires more resources.

New Real-Time Proofing Standards

To support the transition, Ethereum will set technical benchmarks for zkVM teams. These include generating proofs in under 10 seconds and maintaining proof sizes below 300 KiB. The zkVM system will be equipped with at least 128-bit security It should have the ability to run on hardware costing no more than $100,000 and consuming less than 10 kW of power.

These targets aim to make zk-proof generation more accessible and secure. By doing so, Ethereum hopes to allow broader participation in network security. Everyday users could help secure the network without needing expensive infrastructure.

Impact on ZK Ecosystem and Rollups

Ethereum’s move could reshape the broader zero-knowledge space. Many Layer 2 rollups already rely on zk-proofs. However, integrating this tech at Layer 1 may reduce reliance on Layer 2s for specific tasks. It could also raise concerns for zk-focused startups. These teams may need to align with Ethereum’s proof standards to stay relevant.

The roadmap encourages zkVM projects to collaborate rather than compete. Ethereum wants developers to work toward shared targets This will contribute to improved interoperability and enhanced security within the ecosystem.

Gradual Rollout with Security Checks

The upgrade will not happen all at once. Ethereum plans a phased approach starting with optional zk clients. These clients will run alongside current validator software. Over time, as the zk clients prove reliable, the network will adopt them more widely.

Proofs will undergo formal audits, bug bounties, and verification processes. This will build trust and support higher gas limits, enabling full use of zk-proofs. Ethereum believes current progress in research and open-source development makes this rollout possible within the planned timeline.

The changes will also support future goals like privacy, faster transactions, and reduced network congestion.