Vitalik Buterin Interview in Chinese: POS, Layer 2, and the Future Development Direction of Ethereum

On April 7, 2025, at the Pop-X HK Research House event held in Hong Kong, DappLearning community founder Yan interviewed Vitalik Buterin. The following are the main points of the interview:

Thoughts on POS Upgrade

Vitalik believes that the price of ETH is unrelated to the consensus mechanism and is more dependent on the contribution of ecological applications to the value of ETH. He stated that there is a need to support applications that provide long-term value to ETH holders.

PBS Architecture and Centralization Concerns

Vitalik explained the advantages of the PBS architecture, stating that although Builders may be more centralized, the verification process remains decentralized. He proposed several mechanisms to reduce risks, such as the concept of Fossil.

Relationship between Layer1 and Layer2

Vitalik pointed out that the current L2 has issues such as slow security progress and poor interoperability. He believes that L1 still needs to play an important role and proposed several solutions to enhance L1 scalability, expecting to increase the L1 Gas limit by 10 times by 2026.

Ethereum Upgrade Plan

Vitalik revealed that the Pectra upgrade is expected to take place at the end of this month, and the Fusaka upgrade in Q3 or Q4. He proposed several methods to improve upgrade efficiency, such as strengthening team coordination and being stricter with client teams.

Views on Cryptography and AI

Vitalik is optimistic about technologies like ZK and FHE, but he also pointed out some limitations of technologies like MPC. He believes AI can bridge the gap between experts and novices, providing more opportunities for ordinary people.

Expectations for the Ethereum Ecosystem

Vitalik hopes that developers can create applications that have both real value and sustainable business models, avoiding the two extremes of only having niche users or pure speculation. He believes that developers now have more resources, and as long as they find good ideas, there is a great opportunity for success.